Annual Confession And Easter Communion The Development Of Norms And Of Clerical Supervision In Belgium From 1835 To 1927: The present paper is a contribution to the study of the traditions, created or maintained in the 19th century by bishops and clergy, in order to ensure fidelity to religious practice.

Rome And The Laurent-Brasseur-Controversy: In the middle of the 19th century, the State-university of Ghent, in Belgium, had on his staff teachers showing strong rationalistic tendencies, especially professor Brasseur and professor H. Laurent. The catholic hierarchy looked on them with much displeasure and in December 1855 a violent incident flared up. It was said that Brasseur, whilst teaching natural law, had openly criticited the church. The ultramontanists claimed that the teaching at a state university had to conform with catholic ideas and wanted Brasseur disciplined.

How The Belgian Bishops Laid Their Hands On The Brussels Newspaper L'Emancipation: "Unionism" (the name of a political alliance between catholics and liberals) has been held by some to be a fundamental expression of "faith". Others look at that agreement as purely tactical. An episode in the history of the newspaper L'Emancipation goes far to lend credibility to the thesis of the purely tactical move. As a matter of fact, the catholic movement could boast only a very weak press in the years following 1830.

Louise Van Den Plas And The "Feminisme Chretien De Belgique": The catholic feminist movement in Belgium owes a huge debt to Louise Van den Plas (1877-1968), who actually launched that movement in 1902, and started in 1905 the publication of the paper Le Féminisme chrétien de Belgique. The belgian movement felt strongly the influence of the French feminism of Marie Maugeret and Marie Duclos. Even so, it is much more politically minded, much more related to social and economic realities.